166 14 Biocultural community protocols and ethical biotrade: exploring participatory approaches in Peru by MARÍA JULIA OLIVA, JOHANNA VON BRAUN and GABRIELA SALINAS LANAO Introduction Madre de Dios, in south-eastern Peru, is rich in cultural and biological diversity. Yet the region struggles to find development approaches that are sustainable and respect the rights of its inhabitants. The Indigenous Forestry Association in Madre de Dios (AFIMAD) and Candela Peru, a company ethically sourcing biodiversity, are aiming to develop such sustainable livelihood opportunities for indigenous communities.1 They are working together on the collection and transformation of natural products, primarily the Brazil nut, as well as collaborating on a new project involving the use of Ungurahui oil.2 They are using this new project as an opportunity to strengthen and consolidate their relationship, improve mutual understanding and promote more balanced and inclusive exchanges of infor- mation. With the support of two international organisations, the Union for Ethical BioTrade (UEBT) and Natural Justice, biocultural community protocols (BCPs) were identified and explored as an approach that could prove useful in enhancing dialogue and collaboration. UEBT promotes the ‘sourcing with respect’ of natural ingredients. Work on BCPs is part of its broader efforts to support good practices in companies committed to the ethical sourcing of biodiversity. 3 For Natural Justice, work in Madre de Dios was the chance to link a process of rights affirmation with livelihood generation.4 This article provides a brief summary of this experience of using BCPs, describing how they were adapted for this particular context and drawing out some lessons for others wishing to develop them. 1 Although this article refers to Candela Peru as a company, it was formed and functions as a non-profit association involved in commercial activities. 2 Ungurahui is a palm tree native to the Amazon region. It bears edible fruits which are also rich in oil and can be used in cosmetics. 3 UEBT is a non-profit, membership-based organisation. See: www.ethicalbiotrade.org 4 Natural Justice is an international non-governmental organisation facilitating the legal empowerment of indigenous peoples and local communities. See: www.naturaljustice.org

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