Appendix Strategic Priority 6 Strategic Priority 8 Support indigenous and local production systems and associated knowledge systems of importance to the maintenance and sustainable use of animal genetic resources Support the establishment and strengthening of in-situ conservation programmes Rationale Over millennia, animal species and breeds have been domesticated, developed and maintained for human use. These resources have co-evolved with the social, economic and cultural knowledge and management practices. The historic contribution of indigenous and local communities to animal genetic diversity, and the knowledge systems that manage these resources, needs to be recognized, and their continuity supported. Today, the adaptive animal genetic resources management strategies of these communities continue to have economic, social and cultural significance, and to be highly relevant to food security in many rural subsistence societies, particularly, though not exclusively, in dry lands and mountainous regions. Measures to support such systems should take their specific ecological and socio-economic and cultural features into consideration. Actions 1. Assess the value and importance of indigenous and local production systems, and identify trends and drivers of change that may affect the genetic base, and the resilience and sustainability of the production systems. 2. Support indigenous and local livestock systems of importance to animal genetic resources, including through the removal of factors contributing to genetic erosion. Support may include the provision of veterinary and extension services, delivery of microcredit for women in rural areas, appropriate access to natural resources and to the market, resolving land tenure issues, the recognition of cultural practices and values, and adding value to their specialist products. 3. Promote and enable relevant exchange, interaction and dialogue among indigenous and rural communities and scientists and government officials and other stakeholders, in order to integrate traditional knowledge with scientific approaches. 4. Promote the development of niche markets for products derived from indigenous and local species and breeds, and strengthen processes to add value to their primary products. 32 Actions 2. Encourage the development and implementation of national and regional in-situ conservation programmes for breeds and populations that are at risk. This may include support, either directly for breeders of threatened breeds, or measures to support agricultural production systems that manage areas of importance to breeds at risk, the encouragement of breed organizations, community-based conservation organizations, non-governmental organizations and other actors to participate in conservation efforts provided that such support or such measures are consistent with existing international agreements. Strategic Priority 14 Strengthen national human capacity for characterization, inventory, and monitoring of trends and associated risks, for sustainable use and development, and for conservation Actions 3. Establish or strengthen community-based organizations, networks and initiatives for sustainable use, breeding and conservation. Strategic Priority 20 Review and develop national policies and legal frameworks for animal genetic resources Actions 1. Periodically review existing national policies and regulatory frameworks, with a view to identifying any possible effects they may have on the use, development and conservation of animal genetic resources, especially with regard to the contribution and needs of local communities keeping livestock.

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