141 Creating the Ulu Papar biocultural community protocol 12 by THERESIA JOHN, PATRICIA JOHN, LOUIS BUGIAD and AGNES LEE AGAMA Ulu Papar is a remote place in Borneo, located at the uppermost reaches of the Papar River in the District of Penampang, Sabah, Malaysia. The landscape is inhabited by about 1000 indigenous Dusun people, in nine small settlements. The natural environment is the source of their food, crafts, medicine, construction materials, recreation, cultural heritage, history and identity. Having managed their forests communally according to customary practices for generations, the community has a rich and deep cultural and ecological knowledge. In 2010, the people of Ulu Papar came together to create a biocultural community protocol (BCP) – a document articulating the interests, rights and responsibilities of the Ulu Papar community in the preservation, management and utilisation of their territories and culture. The idea for the Ulu Papar protocol developed out of community concerns over three main issues: lack Photo: Yassin Miki Background Panorama of Buayan village in the Ulu Papar valley. of tenure security, conflicts with Statedriven conservation and destructive development.1 Background on land, resource and conservation in Ulu Papar Indigenous Dusun people have inhabited the Ulu Papar landscape for generations. Oral histories affirm their presence since colonial times. Almost all villages have no 1 The BCP process was initiated as part of activities under the Darwin Initiative projects in Ulu Papar, with the assistance of Natural Justice.

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