l Using stakeholder and power analysis and BCPs in multi-stakeholder processes 187
Box 1: Stakeholder and power
analysis tools
Stakeholder analysis tools:
1. Rich picture
2. Problem tree analysis
3. Interest/influence matrix
4. Stakeholder characteristics and roles matrix
5. Spiderweb network diagram
6. Fast arrangement mapping
7. Stakeholder interests, roles and skills
8. Community institutional resource mapping
9. Institutional analysis
10. Four quadrants of change framework
11. Value chain mapping
Power analysis tools:
1. Power cube
2. Sources and positions of power
3. Expressions and faces of power
4. Spaces and levels of power
5. Power ranking
6. Net-map (tracing power and influence in
networks)
7. Power matrix
8. Political analytical tool
9. Biocultural community protocol
10. Circle of coherence
Source: Brouwer et al. (2012).
mental impact assessment has been
carried out.5
On the 25th January 2011, Save Lamu
filed a petition with 1000 signatories from
different villages in the Lamu archipelago.
The coalition demanded that:
• the Government of Kenya (GOK) publicly
shares all information on the proposed
project with local communities;
• the GOK facilitates a comprehensive environmental impact assessment to be carried
out by independent experts;
• a participatory process is undertaken with
the local communities involved in the
assessment of the impacts and planning of
the proposed project; and
• the land rights violations against the
indigenous Lamu communities are
adequately investigated and addressed
before any further development plans are
inaugurated.
The action-research in this case aims to
support local communities in their efforts to
persuade the government to accede to the
demands in their petition.6 This entails trying
to get powerful stakeholders to start negotiations on possible impacts in a peaceful
manner, i.e. create an MSP. Save Lamu has
been campaigning for this space to be created
in various ways, including petitions, writing
letters, demonstrations, legal action against
ministries and use of the media. At the same
time, 46 Lamu communities are claiming
their right to give or withhold consent to the
developments affecting them through an
FPIC process as part of a BCP which will be
finalised in 2012. Two BCP teams (Lamu
East and Lamu West) were involved in developing the BCPs, based on visits to 46 villages
in Lamu County. The BCP includes the histories, culture and values of the communities,
their resources and how they use them for
their livelihoods. They also cover their rights
under the Kenyan constitution and in
national and international laws.
An example of stakeholder and power
analysis
The action-research has focused around
meetings of the Save Lamu coalition. The
first meeting was in February 2011 and a
further five meetings are planned for 2012.
During the early meetings, stakeholder and
power analysis tools were used.
Stakeholder analysis: using the
interest/influence matrix tool
The researchers first carried out a stakeholder analysis to identify all key
stakeholders affected by the proposed port.
The assessment of stakeholder power
dynamics was done using the interest
against influence matrix.7
5 An environmental impact assessment is an assessment of the possible positive or negative
impacts that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the
environmental, social and economic aspects. Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment
6 The action researchers became involved in Lamu in October 2011 after developing a
research proposal between ETC COMPAS, Save Lamu and Natural Justice.
7 See for example: www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/6509.pdf