l Using stakeholder and power analysis and BCPs in multi-stakeholder processes 189 Figure 2: The power house LEVELS Global National Local SPACES FORMS Formal/ Closed Internalised Invited Hidden Claimed their histories, cultures and customary governance of resources. • People felt that elected local leaders had hidden power since they only have power when they talk to local people, but are not listened to at the national level. This is represented by a window with dotted lines. • The half-open window represents invited space at local and national level. For example, the government created the Lamu Port Steering Committee, which Save Lamu members are now invited to participate in. However, they are not involved in agendasetting. Lessons and challenges in using the tools The early meetings between the researchers and communities were as Visible much about finding common ground between the different groups in the Save Lamu coalition and trying to resolve internal tensions through dialogue as about developing strategies to fulfil their demands. People have different views of the history of the coastal strip, some valuing their Arab heritage, others seeing it as colonialism and slavery. The way in which the different societies operate also varies. Some are based on respect for elders, whilst others are more egalitarian. This creates tensions and mistrust between different groups, and makes it difficult to come to a unified understanding. Each group has its own way of doing things and this is a huge challenge in terms of developing a joint BCP to be used for advocacy purposes.

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