198 65 systems for traditional knowledge protection, access and benefit-sharing and sustaining TK; develop local tools for TK protection based on customary laws (such as community protocols and registers); and inform the development of TK policies at national and international levels. The project developed the concept of ‘biocultural heritage’ and used it as the conceptual framework for research. The folder also provides recommendations for international policy on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing. n Online: http://pubs.iied.org/14591IIED.html Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilisation to the Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2011 This is the text and annex of the Nagoya Protocol, which was adopted after six years of negotiation at the tenth meeting of the CBD Conference of Parties on 29th October 2010, in Nagoya, Japan. The Protocol provides a strong basis for greater legal certainty and transparency for both providers and users of genetic resources. Specific obligations to support compliance with domestic legislation or regulatory requirements of the party providing genetic resources and contractual obligations reflected in mutually agreed terms are a significant innovation of the Protocol. These compliance provisions, as well as provisions establishing more predictable conditions for access to genetic resources, will contribute to ensuring the sharing of benefits when genetic resources leave a party providing genetic resources. In addition, the Protocol’s provisions on access to traditional knowledge held by indigenous and local communities when it is associated with genetic resources will strengthen the ability of these communities to benefit from the use of their knowledge, innovations and practices. n Online: www.cbd.int/abs/doc/protocol/ nagoya-protocol-en.pdf Use it or lose it: protecting the traditional knowledge, genetic resources and customary laws of marginal farmers in southwest China l Jingsong Li and Yiching Song IIED and CCAP, 2011 This report provides the findings and lessons of the action-research project Protecting Community Rights over Traditional Knowledge: Implications of Customary Laws and Practices in Guangxi, southwest China. The project, which started in 2004, sought to explore customary laws, values and practices relating to plant genetic resources (PGR) and traditional knowledge (TK) with local communities; develop innovative practices and local tools for PGR and TK protection; and inform national policy and legislation. It builds on an ongoing participatory plant breeding (PPB) project in southwest China, which started in 2000, and worked on PGR conservation and improvement with breeding institutes and local farmers. n Online: http://pubs.iied.org/G02787.html UN-REDD programme guidelines on free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) l Forthcoming, 2012 Indigenous peoples and forest-dependent communities are essential to the success of REDD+ given that the majority of the

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