200 65 IUCN/CEESP Briefing Note No.10, 2010 Indigenous conservation territories and areas conserved by indigenous peoples and local communities (ICCAs) are the subject of the IUCN/CEESP briefing note. This larger document provides the examples and analysis underlying the policy advice contained in the briefing note. The document can be read as a stand-alone document, as it describes the main concepts. Although their existence is as old and widespread as human civilisation itself, ICCAs have emerged only recently as a major phenomenon in formal conservation circles. International policies and programmes, notably those of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), encourage today all countries to recognise and support ICCAs as examples of effective governance of biocultural diversity. It is clear, however, that such recognition and support need to be carefully tailored, and cannot be improvised. The briefing note and this publication offer advice and resources for governments, civil society organisations, indigenous peoples and local communities engaged in collaboration, support and joint learning on ICCAs. Adapting agriculture with traditional knowledge l Krystyna Swiderska IIED Briefing, October 2011 Over the coming decades, climate change is likely to pose a major challenge to agriculture; temperatures are rising, rainfall is becoming more variable and extreme weather is becoming a more common event. Researchers and policy makers agree that adapting agriculture to these impacts is a priority for ensuring future food security. Strategies to achieve that in practice tend to focus on modern science. But evidence, both old and new, suggests that the traditional knowledge and crop varieties of indigenous peoples and local communities could prove even more important in adapting agriculture to climate change. Also available in Chinese (traditional and modern). n Online: http://pubs.iied.org/17111IIED.html Protecting traditional knowledge from the grassroots up n Krystyna Swiderska IIED Briefing, June 2009 For indigenous peoples round the world, traditional knowledge based on natural resources such as medicinal herbs, forms the core of culture and identity. But this wealth of knowledge is under pressure. Indigenous communities are increasingly vulnerable to eviction, environmental degradation and outside interests eager to monopolise control over their traditional resources. Intellectual property rights such as patents, however, sit uneasily with traditional knowledge. Their commercial focus wars with fundamental indigenous principles such as resource access and sharing. Local customary law offers a better fit, and findings in China, India, Kenya, Panama and Peru show how this pairing can work in practice. The research has identified common elements, and key differences, in customary law that should be informing policy on traditional knowledge and genetic resources. n Online: http://pubs.iied.org/17067IIED.html Protecting indigenous knowledge against biopiracy in the Andes n Alejandro Argumedo and Michel Pimbert IIED, 2006 This paper presents the Indigenous Biocultural Heritage Register, an approach developed by Andean

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