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Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples UN Doc. A/HRC/18/35 (2011) para 66.
Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples UN Doc. A/HRC/18/35 (2011) para 66.
Section 2 of the paper draws heavily on C Doyle Indigenous Peoples, Title to Territory, Rights & Resources: The Transformative Role of
Free Prior & Informed Consent (PhD Thesis, Middlesex University, 2012).
General Comment 21 Right of everyone to take part in cultural life (art. 15, para. 1 (a), of the ICESCR) E/C.12/GC/21 (21 December
2009) (GE.09-46922) paras 36-37.
C Doyle Indigenous Peoples, Title to Territory, Rights & Resources: The Transformative Role of Free Prior & Informed Consent (PhD
Thesis, Middlesex University, 2012) at 175.
C Doyle Indigenous Peoples, Title to Territory, Rights & Resources: The Transformative Role of Free Prior & Informed Consent (PhD
Thesis, Middlesex University, 2012) at 179-81 citing Colombia, UN Doc. E/C.12/COL/CO/5, (21 May 2010); Sri Lanka UN Doc.E/C.12/
LKA/CO/2-4, (9 December 2010); Argentina UN Doc. E/C.12/ARG/CO/3, (14 December 2011);; see for example New Zealand UN
Doc.E/C.12/NZL/CO/3 3 (31 May 2012) (arts. 1(2), 15) para 11.
Colombia UN Doc. E/C.12/COL/CO/5 (7 June 2010) para 9.
ILO Convention 169 Articles 2, 6, 15, 16.
ILO Convention 169 Article 16.
Articles 10, 11(2), 19, 28(1), 29(2) and 32(2). The free, prior and informed consent requirement is implicit in article 37 which addresses
treaty rights.
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, UN Doc. E/
CN.4/2003/90, ( 2003)para 66.
SJ Anaya Indigenous Peoples’ Participatory Rights in Relation to Decisions about Natural Resource Extraction: The more Fundamental
Issues of what right Indigenous Peoples have in Lands and Resources 22 Ariz. JI&CL (2005) 17; see also F MacKay Indigenous Peoples
rights and Resource Exploitation 12(1) Philippines Natural Resources Law Journal (2004) 58.
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, SJ Anaya Addendum
UN Doc. A/HRC/9/9/Add.1 15 August 2008 Annex 1 Observaciones del Relator Especial sobre la situación de derechos humanos y las
libertades fundamentales de los indígenas acerca del proceso de revisión constitucional en el Ecuador; see also ‘Declaración pública
del Relator Especial sobre los derechos humanos y libertades fundamentales de los indígenas, James Anaya, sobre la “Ley del derecho
a la consulta previa a los pueblos indígenas u originarios reconocido en el Convenio No. 169 de la Organización Internacional de
Trabajo” aprobada por el Congreso de la República del Perú’ 7 de julio de 2010.
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Olivier De Schutter Crisis into opportunity: reinforcing multilateralism UN Doc.
A/HRC/12/31 (21 July 2009) para 21(j). This corresponds to the text of article 32 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples.
Statement by the UN Independent Expert on Minority Issues, Ms Gay McDougall, on the conclusion of her official visit to Colombia, 1 to
12 February 2010.
Bangladesh open-pit coal mine threatens fundamental rights, warn UN experts [28 February 2012] GENEVA. Statement issued by the
Special Rapporteur on: the right to food; right to water and sanitation; extreme poverty; right to freedom of opinion and expression; right
to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association; the rights of indigenous peoples; and adequate housing as a component of the right
to an adequate standard of living. Available at http://ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=11878&LangID=E.
C Doyle Indigenous Peoples, Title to Territory, Rights & Resources: The Transformative Role of Free Prior & Informed Consent (PhD
Thesis, Middlesex University, 2012) at 188 Resolución Del Presidente De La Corte Interamericana De Derechos Humanos 17 De Junio
De 2011 Caso Pueblo Indígena Kichwa De Sarayaku vs. Ecuador para 29.
IACHR, Mary and Carrie Dann v United States Case No 11.140 Report 75/02 para 131 (2001) para 130. IACHR, Report No 27/98
(Nicaragua) para 142 quoted in The Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni Community v. Nicaragua, IACHR, (ser. C) No. 79 (Aug. 31, 2001)
para 25; IACHR Report No. 40/04, Case 12.053, Maya Indigenous Communities of the Toledo District (Belize), (12 October 2004), para
155. See Indigenous and Tribal Peoples’ Rights over their Ancestral Lands and Natural Resources Norms and Jurisprudence of the
Inter-American Human Rights System IX Rights of Participation, Consultation and Consent OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 56/09 (2009).
Saramaka People v. Suriname, Judgment of November 28, 2007 (Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations, and Costs) Inter-Am. Ct.
H.R., (Ser. C) No. 172 (2007) para 134.
Ibid. para 129.
Ibid. article 21.
Report of the chair on the meeting for reflection on the meetings of negotiations in the quest for points of consensus OEA/Ser.K/XVI GT/
DADIN/doc.321/08 (14 January 2008) at 4.
African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights Case 276 / 2003 – Centre for Minority Rights Development (Kenya) and Minority
Rights Group International on behalf of Endorois Welfare Council v Kenya (2009) paras 226, 291, 293, 296 citing CERD/C/62/CO/2, 2
June 2003.
Ibid. para 291.
Ibid. para 226.
Resolution 224 ‘Human Rights-Based Approach to Natural Resources Governance’ 51st Ordinary Session, 18 April to 2 May 2012,
Banjul, The Gambia available at http://www.achpr.org/sessions/51st/resolutions/224.
Decision V/.16 Article 8j and Related Provisions UN Doc. UNEP/CBD/COP/5/23 (22 June 2000) paras 81 & 235.
Akwé: Kon Voluntary guidelines for the conduct of cultural, environmental and social impact assessments regarding developments
proposed to take place on, or which are likely to impact on, sacred sites and on lands and waters traditionally occupied or used by
indigenous and local communities (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Geneva, 2004) Decision VII/16 F COP-7 UN
Doc. UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21 (13 April 2004) at 177.
See Saramaka People v. Suriname Interpretation of the Judgment of Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment
of August 12, 2008. Series C No. 185 para 41, fn 23.
ibid; see also UN Doc. ; A/HRC/15/37 (2010) para 73.
Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to The
Convention On Biological Diversity. Nagoya, 29 October 2010 C.N.782.2010.TREATIES-1 (Depositary Notification) article 7.
UN Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD)
Framework Document (Geneva, FAO, UNDP, UNEP, 20 June 2008).
See UN-REDD Programme Guidelines on Free, Prior and Informed Consent Draft for Comment – – December 2011 (Geneva, UNREDD
Programme UNDP, FAO, UNEP, 2011); See also Overview of Recommendations Arising from Comments on the UN-REDD Guidelines
on Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) (Geneva, UNREDD Programme, UNDP, FAO, UNEP, 10 February 2012) 4-5.
2012 Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio +20) report, The future we want UN Doc. A/66/L.56 para 49.
UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/40 (1994) para 20.
UN Doc. E/CN.4/2004/2-E/CN.4/Sub.2/2003/12/Rev.2.
UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/2003/38/Rev.2 (2003) at 10(c).
UN Doc. E/CN.4 Sub.2 /1983/21/Add.8; UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/2001/21; UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/2004/30; UN Doc. ECN.4/2003/90.
UN Doc. E/CN.4/2006/97 (2006) Para 25.
Making Free, Prior and Informed Consent a Reality