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UN Doc. A/HRC/17/31.
A Buxton MMSD+10: Reflecting on a decade. IIED Discussion Paper (International Institute for Environment and Development, London,
2012); Couillard V, C Doyle, J Gilbert, H Tugendhat ‘Business, Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples: The Right to Free, Prior and
Informed Consent’ (FPP, Middlesex University, 2010) available at http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2010/10/
ukgovtfpicsubmissionmay09eng.pdf
ILO Convention 169 and the Private Sector Questions and Answers for IFC Clients.
A/HRC/15/37 para 30.
A/HRC/15/37 para 47.
Final Statement Complaint from the Future In Our Hands (FIOH) against Intex Resources ASA and the Mindoro Nickel Project The
Norwegian National Contact Point for the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (Oslo, OECD, 2011) at 10.
ibid.
Experts Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2011) A/HRC/18/42, para. 22; CERD General Recommendation XXIII.
Saramaka People v. Suriname, Judgment of November 28, 2007 (Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations, and Costs) Inter-Am. Ct.
H.R., (Ser. C) No. 172 (2007) para 79.
ibid ILO Convention 169 Articles 6 and 15; UN Declaration Articles 19 and 32; CERD and CESCR affirming that FPIC must be sought
and obtained in a manner consistent with ILO Convention 169. UN Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples A/HRC/12/34
(2009) para 54.
UN Doc. A/66/288 (2011) para 95.
UN Doc. A/66/288 (2011) para 99.
C Doyle Indigenous Peoples, Title to Territory, Rights & Resources: The Transformative Role of Free Prior & Informed Consent (PhD
Thesis, Middlesex University, 2012) at 169, 178 and 256 citing: International Labour Organization Convention 169 (1989) article 6
and article 15; Directive C/DIR.3/05/09 Abuja 26-27 May 2009 Sixty Second Session of Council of Ministers Chapter V Human Rights
Obligations and Mining Activities article 16; Saramaka People v. Suriname, Judgment of November 28, 2007 (Preliminary Objections,
Merits, Reparations, and Costs) Inter-Am. Ct. H.R., (Ser. C) No. 172 (2007), para 137; CESCR Cambodia UN Doc. E/C.12/KHM/CO/1,
(22 May 2009) para 16; and UN Doc. CERD/C/COL/CO/14, (28 August 2009) para 20.
UN Doc. A/66/288 para 95.
UN Doc. A/HRC/15/37 para 65, 66.
Representation (article 24) – Colombia – C169 – 2001 – -- – Report of the Committee set up to examine the representation alleging
non-observance by Colombia of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169), made under article 24 of the ILO
Constitution by the Central Unitary Workers’ Union (CUT) Description:(Article 24 Representation) Convention:C169 Country:(Colombia)
Submitted:1999 Document:(GB.276/17/1) Document:(GB.282/14/3).
UN Doc. A/66/288 (2011) para 88.
UN Doc. A/66/288 (2011) para 88.
UN Doc. A/HRC/21/47 (2012) para 67.
See also REPRESENTATION (article 24) – GUATEMALA – C169 – 2007 – -- – Report of the Committee set up to examine the
representation alleging non-observance by Guatemala of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169), made under
article 24 of the ILO Constitution by the Federation of Country and City Workers (FTCC) Submitted:2005 Document:(GB.294/17/1) para.
53.
Operational Policy 4.10 Annex 1 para 2(c).
CERD Concluding Observation to the Philippines UN Doc. CERD/C/PHL/CO/20 (23 September 2009).
Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to The
Convention On Biological Diversity. Nagoya, 29 October 2010 C.N.782.2010.TREATIES-1 (Depositary Notification).
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Article 18, 19, 32.
Saramaka People v. Suriname Interpretation of the Judgment of Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of
August 12, 2008. Series C No. 185 paras 18 and 22.
This has been a consistent theme in the recommendations of the ILO Supervisior bodies, CERD and CESCR see also World Bank
Operational Policy 4.10; IFC Performance Standard 7 (2012) This has been a consistent theme in the recommendations of the ILO
Supervisior bodies, CERD and CESCR see also World Bank Operational Policy 4.10; IFC Performance Standard 7 (2012)
UN Doc. A/66/288 (2011) para 89.
This position that ‘FPIC is a right and not an obligation and it is therefore for Indigenous Peoples to determine whether they will engage in
discussions or not’ was also affirmed in the Report of the international expert group meeting on extractive industries, Indigenous Peoples’
rights and corporate social responsibility E/C.19/2009/CRP. 8 4 May 2009 para 13.
The UN Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples has suggested that the requirement for good faith consultations imposes
an obligation indigenous peoples as well as states to engage in consultations. UN Doc. A/66/288 para 85. However the extent to which
this obligation can be met by indigenous peoples will be a function of a range of circumstances which may make it impossible for the
community to engage in a good faith consultation. These include power differentials, lack of capacity, consultation fatigue or the fact that
decisions may be taken on grounds that there are impacts for which cannot be mitigated against.
Examples include recommendations by CERD in the case of Achuar lands in Peru, by the CESCR in the Congo, and by the Special
Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples in light of communities’ opposition to extractive projects and the absence of legislation
to regulate consultations with them.
Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples (2012) UN Doc. A/HRC/21/47.
Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples (2009) A/HRC/12/34 para 44; see also Report of the Committee
set up to examine the representation alleging non-observance by Guatemala of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
(No. 169), made under article 24 of the ILO Constitution by the Federation of Country and City Workers (FTCC), para. 48.
Constitutional Court of Colombia Sentencia T-769/09 (Referencia: expediente T-2315944) 29 de Octubre (2009).
ILO Convention 169 Article 7(1).
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples articles 4, 39.
UN Doc. A/HRC/12/34 para 51.
UN Doc. A/HRC/21/47 (2012) para 37.
UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights principle 4.
UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights principle 3.
UN Doc. A/HRC/EMRIP/2012/2 para 27 (d).
UN Doc. A/HRC/12/34 para 57.
UN Doc. A/HRC/12/34 para 38.
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples A Business Reference Guide’ Exposure Draft 10 December 2012
United Nations Global Compact.
UN Doc. A/HRC/15/37 para 55-57.
UN Doc. A/HRC/15/37 para 86, 89.
CERD Concluding Observations to Canada, Norway, United States, United Kingdom.
ILO Convention 169 article 7(3).
Akwé:Kon Guidelines for the Conduct of Cultural, Environmental and Social Impact Assessments Regarding Developments Proposed to
Making Free, Prior and Informed Consent a Reality
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