65 Alejandro Argumedo Photo: Khanh Tran-Thanh 92 A traditional Andean farmer, Potato Park, Pisaq, Peru. each community comprise the Board of Directors. Various economic collectives, based on the conservation and sustainable use of biocultural heritage, contribute to the livelihoods and development of the park. Methodology ANDES understands that knowledge comes from a variety of ways of knowing, and that any single perspective or approach is laden with assumptions, blindnesses and limitations. This action-research project began with a methodological orientation that combined the complimentary Box 1: Methodological approaches Participatory methodologies: involve relevant stakeholders in the decision-making processes and actions/activities that affect their lives. Emancipatory/decolonisation methodologies: these begin with critiques of colonial relations in past research involving indigenous peoples, and highlight some methodological considerations for carrying out such research. The aim is to ‘ensure that research with indigenous peoples can be more respectful, ethical, sympathetic and useful’. It is based on developing relationships and following community protocols, and explicitly addresses issues of power and rights. Indigenous methodologies: rooted in indigenous cosmovisions, conceptual frameworks and ways of life. Source: Smith (1999).

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