Observations Awareness Through the process of establishing the protocol, the livestock keepers become aware of the value of their traditional breeds and resources and of their knowledge in managing these. They start to reflect on their current status compared to their earlier situation and about their vision for the future. For instance, among the Samburu in Kenya, the process drove home the point that the traditional Red Maasai breed could buffer people from drought and thereby provided livelihood security, while the Dorper sheep promoted by the government was only useful in good years. Mobilization The process of establishing protocols mobilizes livestock keepers to take action for saving their heritage. • While establishing their biocultural community protocol, the Pashtoons decided to form an Indigenous Livestock Breeders Association with the objective of organizing the livestock keepers, advocating for Livestock Keepers’ Rights, educating livestock keepers to cope with global warming and desertification, playing an active role in the global movement for Livestock Keepers’ Rights, and raising awareness about the importance of livestock and their breeders for future food security. • The Raika committed themselves to continuing their traditional practices for managing the ecosystem as well as their livestock breeds. They were encouraged by the process to continue herding and to advocate for their rights in various fora. • As an outcome of the process, the Samburu decided to revive the Red Maasai sheep and try to avoid cross-breeding in the future. • The Lingayat committed themselves to continuing various measures to maintain the integrity of their ecosystem, including protecting the forest against fires, sustaining the predator population by offering some of their livestock as prey, disallowing granite 14

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