Biocultural community protocols for livestock keepers Empowerment The large majority of livestock-keeping communities are not aware of the Convention on Biological Diversity and even less of the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources and any relevant national laws. By going through the process of establishing the protocol, they suddenly become aware of supporting frameworks and processes – which changes their self perception from being victims of developments that they cannot understand into rights holders. A printed protocol represents a potent tool for asserting rights. According to Raika leaders who were summoned to Delhi by the Central Empowered Committee for a hearing about their customary grazing rights in the Kumbalgarh Sanctuary, having the printed document that referenced all relevant laws and legal frameworks provided them with self-confidence and put them into a stronger bargaining position with the lawyers. For the Bargur cattle breeders, the biocultural community protocol may prove an important tool for regaining their penning rights in the forest. Pashtoon girl herding sheep (photo by Abdul Raziq Kakar) 16

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