50 65 Michel Pimbert Figure 1. Diverse gatekeepers of knowledge decide on the validity and quality of citizens’ juries’ policy recommendations OVERSIGHT AND EXTENDED PEER REVIEW Video film archives Media (TV, radio, press) Evaluation built into the process – not ‘end of the pipe’ Direct observers & Learning group members In situ monitoring and evaluation – in real time Extended peer review of complex process and outcomes Independent oversight Panel Citizens’ Jury Process & Outcomes Source: Pimbert (2011). Instead, power-equalising research relies on a more inclusive and plural process of co-validation of knowledge that brings together representatives of different knowledge systems (scientific, indigenous, local) in ‘extended peer communities’. For example, the process and outcomes of citizens’ juries on the future of food, agriculture and environment in West Africa and South Asia have all been co-validated by many different actors (academics, donors, policy makers, media professionals and farmers) who were physically present during the citizens’ juries (Figure 1).8 Extended peer communities necessarily engage in multi-disciplinar y, intercultural dialogues and negotiations to agree on what counts as valid and useful knowledge in their unique settings – often emphasising the value of people’s knowledge of the local situation and of the context of change. People involved in this way of knowing thus participate in the joint production of collective knowledge. They are involved in a deeply sensemaking activity, generating meaning both for themselves and for the knowledge they are co-creating. Such ‘extended peer communities’ are important safeguards for the generation of inclusive, valid, relevant and high quality knowledge needed to adaptively respond to rapid change and uncer tainty through democratic processes. 8 For West Africa, see Pimbert et al. (2011). For South Asia, see: www.prajateerpu.org and Kuruganti et al. (2008). For the work of the Alliance for Democratising Agricultural Research in South Asia (ADARSA) and citizens’ juries on agricultural research, see also: www.raitateerpu.com.

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