2) Mangrove Resource Management System of the Tombonuo Community in Sungai Eloi, Pitas The villagers of Sungai Eloi have also specified areas of Iningoladan and Binondaan. Iningoladan areas refer to the whole customary territory while Binondaan refers to areas that are protected where any activities of resource collection is prohibited. Management and care of mangroves are done by the community ourselves. We have made a community protocol for managing the mangroves based on village customary laws that have to be followed by both villagers and outsiders. In this protocol, there is guidance on how to use the mangroves and also rules that have to be followed when entering the forest. Visitors and outsiders have to get permission from the action committee and village leaders based on free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) and respect Indigenous peoples rights. Those who are found to have violated the protocol will be charged with Kopongoraa and a fine. They will also be required to replace the resources they have damaged or taken by twice the amount. a) Rules Management and control over the Iningoladan area is in the hands of the community. The identification of Binondaan (conservation) areas are based on customary use and its management is based on customary law. i. Traditional System:  Inindoi  Wood trees that have been left alone – marks land boundaries (NCR) or cemeteries or have been left alone by ancestors and protected - cannot be cut down by anybody.  If it has been cut down, the individual responsible will be charged with Puraan where its biggest fine is known as Bangun which means replace with a life. 14 | S u n g a i E l o i T o m b o n u o C o m m u n i t y P r o t o c o l

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