What are biocultural community protocols? B are statements by communities about the genetic resources they are stewarding, about their traditional knowledge used to manage these resources, and their role in biodiversity conservation. They are the result of a facilitated process in which communities learn about their rights over these resources under existing national and international legal frameworks and reflect about the importance of traditional knowledge for their livelihoods and their aspirations for the future of this knowledge. IOCULTURAL COMMUNITY PROTOCOLS They have been described as “tools that facilitate culturally rooted, participatory decisionmaking processes within communities with the aim of asserting rights over their communally managed lands and traditional knowledge” (Natural Justice, 2010b). The significance of biocultural community protocols lies both in the process of establishing the protocol and in the product, a document that puts on record the contribution of a community to biodiversity conservation. Biocultural community protocols have important meaning with respect to two international frameworks: the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (which is a legally binding instrument) and the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources (which is an international agreement that is implemented under the guidance of the FAO and the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture). But one of their greatest benefits may actually be the discussions generated during the process, both within the communities, as What is the difference between well as among outside stakeholders. Equally biocultural protocols and comsignificant, they change the equation bemunity protocols? tween livestock keepers and development Basically, these are two different names for professionals or scientists by establishing the same concept. The term community the former as active holders of traditional protocol is easier to understand for comknowledge, resources and rights, rather than munities and is also used in the draft text as passive recipients of top-down-driven for the International Regime on Access and development interventions. Benefit Sharing. In this publication, the two terms will be used interchangeably. 3

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